What are the causes for war of independence?

Arooj Chaudhry — Invalid Date

Causes behind war of Independence
Following are the main causes of war:

political causes
2)Socio-religious causes
3)Economic causes
4)Military causes
5)Emmidiate causes
Political causes
Following are the main political causes:
1) British policy of expansion:
The British expanded their political power in India in the following four ways;

By outright war:
To expand their territory in India, British fought many wars such as
War of Buxar(BBO)
Anglo Mysore War
Third Anglo Maratha War
Second Anglo-Sikh War
2) System of Subsidiary Alliance:
Lord Wllesley introduced the system in which Indian States were brought under the British control without annexing them. Under this system, Indian rulers agreed to;

Accept British as Supreme Power
End foreign relations and wouldn’t enter any alliance/wars.
British resident at their HQ and couldn’t employ any European without consulting.
Maintain British troops at their own coast.
Virtually lost independence.
3) Doctrine of Lapse;
Lord Dallhouse annexed many Indian states using Doctrine of Lapse according to which heirs adopted without consent of the company could inherit only the private property of the deceased ruler and his territory would come under the Company’s rule.
Examples:

in 1853, ruler of Jhansi died without natural heir. Widow Rani was retired and their adopted son Anand Rao wasn’t recognized as the successor to the throne.
States of Satara, Nagpur, Udaipur, etc had same problems.
**4) On the pretext of Alleged Misrule
Annexation of Awadh:**
Lord Dallhouse annexed Awadh on 13 February, 1856 on the pretext of Alleged Misrule. British broke thier promises given to ruling chiefs.
People had to face more hardships, had to pay higher taxes, and revenues, problems of unemployment arose, property was confiscated, 75,000 were worst affected and didn’t like what British did in Awadh.
Disrespect shown to Bhadur Shah:
Bahadur Shah, a mughal ruler was under protection of the company but after his death, Lord Dallhouse announced that ruler’s widow Zeenat Mahal and successor can’t Red Fort as Palace and in 1956 Lord Canning announced that the successors can’t use the imperial titles. This hurt sentiments of Muslims.
Treatment given to Nana Sahib And Rani Luxmi Bai:
Baji-Rao-|| the last Pashwa was under the protection of Company but after his death, they refused to pay the grant to the ruler’s adopted son i.e Nana Sahib. He was sent to Kanpur away from Poona. He then travelled to create awareness about British policies.
Rani Luxmi Bai of Jhansi- victim of Doctrine of Lapse became bitter enemy. Other rules also had a double role in the British.
Absentee sovereignty of the British( Indians wealth drained to England):
India was being ruled by British from England, Unlike other rulers like Mughals who sent the revenue collected from India in India. But, in case of the British, Indians felt that wealth of the India was drained to England and wasn’t used for the welfare of Indians.

War of Independence

Arooj Chaudhry — Invalid Date

War of independence
Background:

British paramounting i.e. the belief in British dominance in Indian political, economic and cultural life, had been introduced in India about 1820.
To control the Indian states, British increasingly used a variety of tactics.
Everywhere, the old Indian Aristocracy was replaced by British officials.
Lord Dallhouse devised the doctrine of Lapse in the late 1840, which involved the British prohibiting a Hindu-ruler without a natural heir from adopting a successor, and after the ruler died or abdicated, annexing his hand.
This lead growing discontent of the Brahmas, many of whom had been dispossessed of their revenues or had lost lucrative positions.
Westernization increased in the Hindu-society.
Humanitarian movement led to reforms. Lord
Dallhouse during his tenure(1848-1856) made efforts toward emanicipating women and had introduced a bill to remove all legal obstacles to remarriage of Hindu-widows.
Converts to Christianity were to share with their Hindu relatives in the property of the family estate.
British aimed at breaking down the caste system. The introduction of western methods of education were a direct challenge to orthodoxy, both Hindu and Muslim.
Enfield Rifle:
In 1856. The Government of India introduced the Enfield rifle in the army and the agreements for its training were made at DUMDUM Ambala and Sialkot Lord Macauly education policy in sub-continent.
Introduction:
War of independence is an important landmark in the history of Sub-continent. This war was fought in 1857 by Indians against the British in order to get rid of their dominion.
Another names:
War of Independence is also given names as
Indian Rebellion
Indian Mutiny
Indian Revolt
Uprising of 1857
Great Rebellion
Sepoy Mutiny(by British)
bolded text
Starting:
It started from Meerut on 10th May, 1857.
On the issue of Cartridges made up of fat or pigs which needed to take into mouth before operating it. Mangala Panday a native soldier of the 13th native infantry fired at his British officers (2). As a result, he was caught and hanged on April 8, 1857. The soldier refused to use this weaponry and revolted against the British Crown.

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What are the causes for war of independence?

War of Independence